常用短语用法复习知识点take into account/take off

2022-10-19/ 白山信息网/ 查看: 214/ 评论: 10

摘要常用短语用法复习知识点takeintoaccount/takeofftakeintoaccount考虑到例句Whenjudginghisperformance,don'ttakehisageintoaccount.评定他

常用短语用法复习知识点take into account/take off
take into account考虑到
例句When judging his performance, don't take his age into account.
评定他的表现时，不必考虑他的年龄。
He will take into account my request.
他会考虑我的要求。
We should take into account the proposals of our parents.
我们应该考虑父母的建议。
谷雨刷题王
单词快速记忆法
新概念英语青少版

take off脱掉；起飞；不再上演
例句I wish you'd take off that beard!
我希望你把胡子剃掉！
The plane took off despite the fog.
尽管有雾飞机仍照常起飞。
The show had to be taken off because of poor audiences.
因观众太少而取消演出。

take place 发生，举行
例句We have never discovered what took place that night.
我们从未发觉那天晚上发生了什么事情。
The meeting will take place soon.
会议即将举行。
When does the birthday party take place?
生日庆祝会什么时候举行？

The people who happen to be in a city center at any given moment may seem like a random collection of individuals. But new research featuring a simple mathematical law shows that urban travel patterns worldwide are, in fact, predictable despite location.
Researchers discovered what is known as an inverse square relation (平方反比关系) between the number of people in a given urban location and the distance they traveled to get there, as well as how frequently they made the trip. It may seem intuitive (直觉的) that people visit nearby locations frequently and distant ones less so, but the newly discovered relation accurately predicts, for instance, that the number of people coming from two kilometers away five times per week will be the same as the number coming from five kilometers twice a week.
The researchers analyzed data from about eight million people between 2006 and 2013 in six urban locations. This study focused on locations and examined how many people were visiting, from how far and how requently. The researchers found that all the unique choices people make—from dropping kids at school to shopping-obey this inverse square law.
One explanation for this strong statistical patter is that traveling requires time and energy, and people have limited resources for it. At the core is the effort that people are willing to invest collectively to travel to certain locations, trying to optimize their days.
Understanding these patterns is important not only for planning the placement of new shopping centers or public transportation but also for modeling disease transmission within cities, says Kathleen Stewart, a geographer and mobility researcher.
Many researchers estimate travel with “gravity models”, which assume that movement between cities is proportional (成比例的) to their population sizes. But these models do not account for travel patters within cites—information that is particularly critical in dealing with disease transmission Epidemiologist (流行病学家) Sam Scarpino says models based on this new finding might better track that flow.
“Those organizational patterns have really profound (深远的) implications on how COVID will spread,” Scarpino says. In a smaller rural location, where many people regularly go to the same grocery store, the entire town will experience sharp peaks of infections as the virus sweeps through the community. But in a bigger city, the spread takes longer he explains, because mini epidemics can occur in each neighborhood somewhat separately.
28. What does the underlined word “optimize” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
A. Slow down. B. Keep a record of.
C. Think back on. D. Make the most of.
29. Why does the author mention “gravity models” in Paragraph 6?
A. To introduce the travel patterns within cities.
B. To stress the importance of tracking diseases.
C. To compare the urban and rural infection rates.
D. To show the advantage of the inverse square law.
30. Which of the following can be supported by the newly discovered law?
A. Diseases spread faster in rural areas than big cities.
B. Trip distance seldom influences people’s travel choices.
C. Epidemics are harder to discover in big cities than in rural areas,
D City residents are likely to make frequent trips to a distant place.
【答案】28. D 29. D 30. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述一项新研究，利用简单数学定律预测全球城市旅行模式，并介绍该定律的优点。
【28题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第四段“One explanation for this strong statistical patter is that traveling requires time and energy, and people have limited resources for it. (这种深刻的统计模式的一种解释是，行走需要时间和精力，而人们的资源有限。)”可知，人们的资源、时间和精力有限，所以人们要使他们的一天达到最优化的效果。故推知optimize的意思是“使最优化”与make the most of意义一致，故选D。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。根据第六段“Many researchers estimate travel with “gravity models”, which assume that movement between cities is proportional (成比例的) to their population sizes. But these models do not account for travel patters within cites—information that is particularly critical in dealing with disease transmission Epidemiologist (流行病学家) Sam Scarpino says models based on this new finding might better track that flow. (许多研究人员使用“重力模型”来估计旅行，该模型假设城市之间的移动与其人口规模成比例的。但这些模型没有考虑到城市内部的旅行。这些信息在处理疾病传播时尤其重要。流行病学家Sam Scarpino表示，基于这一新发现，可能会更好地跟踪这种流动。)”可知，本段主要说明“重力模型”的缺点，它没有考虑到城市内部的旅行，会对处理疾病传播有影响。第五段“Understanding these patterns is important not only for planning the placement of new shopping centers or public transportation but also for modeling disease transmission within cities, says Kathleen Stewart, a geographer and mobility researcher. (地理学家和移动性研究员Kathleen Stewart说：“了解这些模式不仅对于规划新购物中心或公共交通的布局很重要，而且对于模拟城市内的疾病传播也很重要。”)”说明了平方反比原理的优点。故推知，作者在第六段中提到gravity models是为了展现重力模型的缺点及平方反比原理的优点，故选D。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“In a smaller rural location, where many people regularly go to the same grocery store, the entire town will experience sharp peaks of infections as the virus sweeps through the community. But in a bigger city, the spread takes longer he explains, because mini epidemics can occur in each neighborhood somewhat separately. (在一个较小的农村地区，许多人经常去同一家杂货店，随着病毒席卷整个社区，整个城镇将经历急剧的感染高峰。他解释说：“但在一个更大的城市，传播需要更长的时间，因为小型流行病可以轻微地、单独地发生在每个社区。”)”可知，病毒在农村地区的传播速度比在大城市传播的速度快，故选A。